On April 26, 1898, Mr. Carnegie approved a grant of
$200,000(by the
end of the project, this figure had increased to $244,000) to purchase
property
and construct a building to house a Free Public Library, 800-seat Music
Hall, Lecture Hall(now with 140 seats from the former Grand Theater of
Carnegie, Pennsylvania), and Gymnasium. This amount included funds for
purchasing enough land, not only for the building, but also for a small
in-town park adjacent to the building. This grant also included an
additional $10,000
for the purchase of the Library's first supply of books.
After the
purchase
of property, construction of the building, and the purchase of the
first supply of books, the remainder of the
$254,000($93,000) was used to establish an Endowment fund for the Andrew
Carnegie Free Library. The site chosen for this project
was on a hill in the middle of town, overlooking the business district.
A deed( Page 1 *** Page 3) was prepared, between the Mansfield Land Company and Andrew Carnegie, to purchase property for the construction of the Library, on February 4, 1899. However, in a letter of "17th March 1899.", Andrew Carnegie decided "It is much better for the Library Commission to take Title direct." Hence, a second deed was registered in the County of Allegheny Recorder of Deeds Office, on March 27, 1899, for the purchase of the same property. This second deed was executed between the Mansfield Land Company and the seventeen men who had been appointed, by Andrew Carnegie, to be members of the Library Board of Trustees; this is the deed that is legally in-force.
On April 20, 1899, Mr. Carnegie executed a Declaration of Trust agreement which legally created the Andrew Carnegie Free Library. The Trust agreement allowed for a 17-member Board of Trustees. This Board includes ten "Life Trustees," the "Life Board" being self-perpetuating, and seven, voting, "Ex-Officio Trustees," which included the Carnegie Mayor and the six Borough Councilmen.
The Trust agreement specifically stated, "The Library shall be free to the people forever, but a charge may be made for the use of the halls for entertainments, concerts, and other suitable performances and assemblages. The proceeds from such charges to be added to the income from the Endowment Fund, and shall be used for the same purpose."
As with other early libraries he constructed, Andrew Carnegie was concerned that a budget crunch in the town, having such a library, may lead to admission charges to the library. Hence, in many of these early libraries, he insisted that the word "Free" be engraved in stone on the building; there would never be a doubt that the library must remain free to the public. For the Andrew Carnegie Free Library, the words, "Carnegie Free Library" were engraved in stone over the outside entrance and on the wood-paneling over the fireplace in the main reading room. In the case of The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, the words "Free to the People" were engraved over the entrance of the Main Library in Schenley Park, in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh.
In most cases, Andrew Carnegie did not require that his name be included in the name of the library he donated. However, in the case of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library, he did require(as stipulated in the Declaration of Trust agreement) that both his first and last names be included in the Library's title, apparently to ensure that people knew that the Library was named after him--not after the town(even though the town was named after him!). Although there are many other "Carnegie Libraries" and "Carnegie Free Libraries," no other public library bears both his first and last names. Only an academic library, at Livingstone College(founded in 1879) in Salisbury, North Carolina, bears both names as the "Andrew Carnegie Library"(erected in 1908). However, for some reason his first name was not included on the front of our building, or over our fireplace(both read "Carnegie Free Library").
The By-Laws of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library were first established on April 9, 1900. These By-Laws were significantly amended during the Special Meetings of July 5, 1995(at the Council Chamber, Borough of Carnegie) and September 18, 1995(at the Library); the By-Law changes were approved at the September meeting as part of the settlement of a legal action brought against the Life Trustees of the Library by the Borough of Carnegie. An amendment, during the Annual Meeting of March 17, 1997(at the Library), permitted the Library's Advisory Board(established by one of the 1995 amendments) to be enlarged from "eight members and one chairperson", "to provide for an Advisory Board of no more than twelve members and one chairman." An amendment, enacted during the Special Meeting of January 5, 1998(at the Council Chamber, Borough of Carnegie), further amended Section 6(also amended in 1995) to allow the scheduling of all Board of Trustees meetings, each year at the March Annual Meeting.
The laying of the building's cornerstone(which includes a time capsule), took place on October 19, 1899 at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time; according to the next day's Carnegie Item, 3000-4000 people attended the ceremony. The Library opened to the public on May 1, 1901; the first book charged-out for loan was "Triumphant Democracy" authored by Andrew Carnegie. The first concert in the Music Hall, performed by the Carnegie Men's Glee Club, took place on May 10, 1901.
Andrew Carnegie was not able to attend any of these three events. However, on April 22, 1902, he traveled to the Library, via a leased streetcar, for the official dedication ceremony. As part of this ceremony, Andrew Carnegie gave the Music Hall a stage curtain, on which was a painting of Skibo Castle, his Scottish home. This historic curtain was recreated and dedicated, again, on July 18, 1997, prior to the Stage 62 performance of Pippin.
Andrew Carnegie was accompanied, on this trip to the Library, by well-known educator, astronomer, and optician, John A. Brashear. Brashear, who at the time(1901 to 1904) was Acting Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania(now the University of Pittsburgh), had been Director of the original Allegheny Observatory from 1898 to 1900. Brashear's company, based on the Old Observatory Hill of the City of Allegheny(now Pittsburgh's North Side), was known world-wide as a maker of precision optical and scientific instruments. Click here to learn more about John A. Brashear.
In 1906, a room on the second floor of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library was provided to the Captain Thomas Espy Post Number 153 of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Civil War veterans' organization. It was arranged that, once the last member of this post "met his final role call," the many Civil War artifacts would become the property of the Library, to be displayed to the public for posterity.
Of the original grant, $93,000 was reserved for an Endowment Fund for the Library. Of the 2,509 libraries Andrew Carnegie constructed throughout the English-speaking world, the Andrew Carnegie Free Library was the fourth of only five libraries he actually endowed; the home communities, of these libraries, were not required to publicly subsidize their libraries(although, such subsidy was encouraged). All other towns, which received a library gift from Andrew Carnegie, were required to subsidize their library by an annual amount that, at least, equalled ten-percent of the cost of the library building, an arrangement soon dubbed "The Carnegie Formula." Click here to learn more about The Carnegie Formula and other early Carnegie Libraries.
Through the auspices of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Historical and Museum Commission, the Andrew Carnegie Free Library was entered in the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1981.
The Borough of Carnegie filed a lawsuit against the Library Board of Trustees in December of 1994. The Borough had earlier asked all of the Life Trustees on the Board to resign, so the Borough could appoint new Trustees; the Borough had felt that the Library Board needed new Trustees, who would have more experience in fundraising, to secure financial viabiiity of the Library. When the Life Trustees failed to resign, as requested, the Borough filed suit, in the Court of Common Pleas, County of Allegheny, to have the Life Trustees removed.
With the approval, under the auspices of the Honorable Judge Musmano of the Court of Common Pleas, of several new amendments to the Library's By-Laws in July and September of 1995, the lawsuit was settled with no Trustee being forcibly removed from the Board by the Court. Among the several By-Law amendments, a Parliamentarian was appointed to help run Board meetings and elections, and an Advisory Board was established to, among other things, help raise funds for rehabilitation of the Library building.
The Orphans' Division, Court of Common Pleas, County of Allegheny approved an amendment to the Declaration of Trust agreement on June 6, 2000. In general, this amendment resulted in a major change in the structure of the Library Board of Trustees. The amendment provided for a twelve-member Board of Trustees. Nine members would be "elected term" trustees; each of these trustees would serve three-year terms with the privilege of an election to a second consecutive term. After the second term, an elected term trustee would not be eligible for a third term until one year after this trustee left the Board.
The other three trustees would consist of the Mayor of the Borough of Carnegie and/or up to three members of the Council of the Borough of Carnegie. These trustees would be appointed by the President of the Council of the Borough of Carnegie.
Click here to learn more details of this restructuring of the Library Board.
The Carnegie Formula and Early Carnegie Libraries
History of Astronomer and Optician John A. Brashear
